Islamic mathematics has its roots in ancient Greek mathematics, but developed independently during the Islamic Golden Age, particularly in the Abbasid Caliphate, from the 8th to the 15th century. It made important contributions to algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and arithmetic.
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Islamic mathematics has a rich and fascinating history that spans centuries and continents. Despite having its roots in ancient Greek mathematics, Islamic mathematicians made significant advancements in the field and developed methods and theories that have had lasting influences.
During the Islamic Golden Age, particularly in the Abbasid Caliphate from the 8th to the 15th century, Islamic mathematics flourished. Mathematicians worked on topics ranging from algebra, geometry, and trigonometry to arithmetic and calculus. One of the most significant contributions was the development of the decimal system, which used the digits 0-9 and a decimal point to represent numbers.
Al-Khwarizmi, a Persian mathematician, is one of the most notable mathematicians from this time. He wrote important works on algebra, including the book “Al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabilah,” which introduced the concept of algebraic equations and gave the subject its name. Another important mathematician was Al-Biruni, who made contributions to astronomy, geography, and trigonometry.
One of the most interesting aspects of Islamic mathematics was its approach to computation. Islamic mathematicians were known for their use of geometric methods and visual representations, which helped them to solve complex problems. They also developed methods using arithmetic and algebraic formulas and created tables of logarithms and trigonometric functions.
In the words of historian George Sarton, “Islamic mathematics represents the climax of the mathematician’s efforts and achievements…” (Introduction to the History of Science, Vol. 2). Islamic mathematicians made significant contributions to the field and developed methods and theories that have stood the test of time.
Here is a table summarizing some of the most notable Islamic mathematicians and their contributions:
| Mathematician | Contributions |
|---|---|
| Al-Khwarizmi | Introduction of algebraic equations, development of algorithms for solving equations |
| Al-Biruni | Contributions to astronomy, geography, and trigonometry |
| Ibn al-Haytham | Development of the scientific method, work in optics |
| Omar Khayyam | Development of algebraic methods to solve cubic equations |
Islamic mathematics continues to be studied and appreciated today for its significant contributions to the development of mathematics.
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Islamic contributions to mathematics began around ad 825, when the Baghdad mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī wrote his famous treatise al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa’l-muqābala (translated into Latin in the 12th century as Algebra et Almucabal, from which the modern term algebra is derived).
Islamic contributions to mathematics began around AD 825, when the Baghdad mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī wrote his famous treatise al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa’l-muqābala (translated into Latin in the 12th century as Algebra et Almucabal, from which the modern term algebra is derived). The Qu’ran encouraged the accumulation of knowledge, and a Golden Age of Islamic science and mathematics flourished throughout the medieval period from the 9th to 15th Centuries. Early steps toward symbolic algebra can be seen in the work of several Islamic mathematicians such as Ibn al-Banna (13th-14th centuries) and al-Qalasadi (15th century).
Islamic contributions to mathematics began around ad 825, when the Baghdad mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī wrote his famous treatise al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa’l-muqābala (translated into Latin in the 12th century as Algebra et Almucabal, from which the modern term algebra is derived).
In fact, over time, Muslim artists discovered all the different forms of symmetry that can be depicted on a 2-dimensional surface. The Qu’ran itself encouraged the accumulation of knowledge, and a Golden Age of Islamic science and mathematics flourished throughout the medieval period from the 9th to 15th Centuries.
Early steps toward this can be seen in the work of several Islamic mathematicians such as Ibn al-Banna (13th-14th centuries) and al-Qalasadi (15th century), although fully symbolic algebra was developed by François Viète (16th century).
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There’s a long history of algebra which you could easily look up on Wikipedia, as you would do if you were genuinely interested in the truth about this question. History of algebra – Wikipedia [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_algebra ]
Bits and pieces of what we now call “algebra” were around for thousands of years before Islam. A Muslim scholar codified much of this and gave it the name which we transliterate as “algebra,” so he should rightly be given much credit in the long history of this discipline. “The word “algebra” is derived from the Arabic [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language ] word الجبر al-jabr, and this comes from the treatise written in the year 830 by the medieval Persian mathematician, Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Musa_al-Khwarizmi ], whose Arabic title, Kitāb al-muḫtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-ğabr wa-l-muqābala [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Compendious_Book_on_Calculation_by_Completion_and_Balancing…
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The video discusses the development of Islamic mathematics under the rule of Harun al-Rashid, who collected and translated works from various cultures, and his successor Abu Jafar al-Ma’mun, who established the House of Wisdom, a center for scholarly work. Al-Khwarizmi is credited with writing the first book of algebra and spreading the decimal system and the use of zero as a placeholder. Other important mathematicians of the Islamic Golden Age mentioned include Eben Quora and Abu al-Hassan al-Khla DC who worked on amicable numbers and decimal fractions respectively, and Al-Haytham who developed a formula for finding the volume of a particular solid of revolution obtained by rotating a parabola. The famous poet Omar Khayyam was also a skilled mathematician, interested in finding the exact value of the roots of a cubic polynomial, which would later become Europe’s first mathematical accomplishment.